The science

Alcohol carries about 7 calories per gram — roughly 98 calories per US standard drink before mixers and carbs. Here's how beer, wine, and spirits compare.

A 16 oz pour of a 7% IPA is about 1.9 US standard drinks — nearly two. Here's the math, by can and by pint, and why hazy IPAs add up fast.

A US standard drink is a fixed amount of pure alcohol — 0.6 fl oz (14 g), about one 12 oz beer, a 5 oz glass of wine, or a 1.5 oz shot. Here's how to count any drink accurately.